Crafting your very own homemade seitan is super easy. This step-by-step tutorial will show you how to make seitan with vital wheat gluten and a few pantry staples! Plus: a recipe for homemade seitan with three flavor variations.
Early on in my blogging days I posted a recipe for seitan. Just recently I set out to make some updates to that post, namely, rephotographing it, when I realized something more was needed.
A recipe is what kept me from making seitan for about ten years. I’ll explain what I mean below, but for now, suffice it to say, seitan is more of a how-to, choose your own adventure type food. Seitan is super easy to make with the ingredients that are readily available these days, and once you’ve made a few batches you can totally wing it.
I first heard about seitan when I was about nineteen. I was a big fan of the show Christina Cooks with the Class. I loved that show! Ate up all of her seemingly crazy veggie concoctions, literally. One day she busted out some seitan, and I was intrigued, to say the least. I eventually got my hands on some, and later branched out into making my own seitan.
My first experiences with homemade seitan involved following a recipe that called for rinsing and massaging a big ball of wheat flour dough for a half hour or so to isolate the wheat gluten, which was a huge pain in the butt. This was before powdered vital wheat gluten became widely available.
That recipe also involved a big piece of kelp known as kombu, which was meant to give the seitan a savory flavor. The recipe instructed me to use kombu, so I dutifully searched every Asian market within a few city blocks until I found some.
After that I didn’t make seitan again for a while because (1) the whole dough rinsing process was just way to daunting, and (2) I didn’t feel like searching for kombu again.
I totally had it in my head that kombu was essential to seitan making. In my defense, the cookbook I’d been using, which was probably written in 1972, acted like kombu was the biggest deal ever and without it your seitan would be awful.
I know better now, and this is why I’m giving you a recipe today with three flavor variations.
Also, you don’t even have to follow the recipe. Read my instructions below and make seitan your way. The only essential ingredient is the vital wheat gluten, which, thankfully, you can get at natural foods stores and some regular old supermarkets these days.
What is Seitan?
First off, it’s a good idea to have some understanding of what seitan actually is. I feel like it makes people nervous! Seitan isn’t as familiar as good old tofu. But it kind of is.
If you’ve ever eaten a vegetarian restaurant meal and were amazed at how meaty it tasted, you were probably eating seitan. If you’ve ever eaten commercial meat substitutes, they probably contained some seitan.
I don’t eat a whole lot of store-bought meat substitutes though. I prefer homemade seitan because it’s generally a lot better, and I know what’s in it.
Seitan is made from wheat gluten, which is maybe why it scares people. But if you don’t have celiac disease and you’re not gluten sensitive, there’s nothing to worry about.
Gluten is the protein that’s in wheat. It’s what gives bread dough its elastic, stretchy texture. When you isolate the gluten by removing the starch and bran, you’re left with something that has a texture that’s quite meat-like. Season it to taste like meat, and you’ve got seitan.
1. Make Your Dough
As you might have guessed, the dough starts with vital wheat gluten, which will be in powdered form. You can cut the gluten with another type of flour. I like to do this — I find gluten alone results in seitan that’s a bit tough for my taste.
1 cup of vital wheat gluten to 1/4 cup chickpea flour or soy flour is a good place to start. This will give you about 2 cups of seitan.
Add water. 1 cup is a good amount for the batch size we’re working with. Mix and form a dough.
2. Knead Your Dough
Just like with bread making, we need to knead the dough a bit, to develop strands of gluten that give seitan a meaty texture.
About 5 minutes of kneading is sufficient. Let it sit for about 5 minutes after that.
3. Make Your Broth
The broth is what gives your seitan flavor, so you want it to taste how you intend for your seitan to taste. You can do whatever you want here, and this is a great place to experiment. Feel like searching every local Asian market for a big piece of kombu? Totally fine, but if you can’t find one, please don’t let it stop you!
For the batch size we’re going with, six cups of broth is about ideal. If you take a look at the amount of dough you’ve got, six cups may seem like a lot, but it’s not. Your seitan will double or even triple in size while it cooks!
I usually start with low sodium vegetable broth, but water works too. You’ll want a good amount of salt in there (meat is salty!), which is best provided by soy sauce, tamari, or liquid aminos. 1/4 to 1/3 cup of soy sauce is my standard.
From there, it’s all up to you what you add. Think savory flavors. Here are a few suggestions:
- garlic (fresh or powder)
- onion powder
- dried herbs
- wine
- nutritional yeast
- vegan Worcestershire sauce
- miso (this adds quite a bit of salt, so use less soy sauce if you include it)
- liquid smoke
- Kitchen Bouquet, Gravy Master, or another all-purpose seasoning
(this adds quite a bit of salt, so use less soy sauce if you include it)
If you’re not sure where to start, use the recipe below. If has three broth variations for seitan that’s best suited to replace different types of meat: pork, chicken, and beef.
4. Simmer Your Gluten
By the time your broth is done, your gluten should be sufficiently rested. Cut it into smaller pieces. I recommend cutting it into at least 4 pieces because (1) if they’re too big the broth won’t fully penetrate them, and (2) remember that they’ll expand during cooking, and if they get too big the broth will no longer cover them.
Bring the broth to a boil. Lower the heat until it’s just at a simmer, and then add the dough pieces. Set the timer for an hour and keep an eye on the pot. You don’t want to let it get to a rolling boil, or your seitan might end up overcooked and chewy. I like to keep mine just barely simmering.
5. Cook it Up
Technically, your seitan is already cooked and you can eat it straight from the pot — I often do!
Cut it into smaller pieces if you’d like, and if you aren’t using it right away, store it in the broth. It’ll be good for about 5 days in the fridge. If you’d like to use it more than five days out, you can seal it up and freeze it.
Now that you know how to make seitan, what should you do with it? You can use your seitan in place of meat in lots of recipes, or start with a recipe developed specifically for seitan. Here are a few to get you started:
Vegan Mongolian Beef (pictured above)
Seitan & Chickpea Salad with Dill and Almonds
Vegan Seitan and Mushroom Reubens
Teriyaki Seitan and Veggie Kebabs
Like this recipe? If so, be sure to follow me on Facebook, Pinterest or Instagram, or subscribe to my newsletter. And please stop back and leave me a review and rating below if you make it!
Homemade Seitan
Crafting your very own homemade seitan is super easy, and you don't even need a recipe. This step-by-step tutorial will show you how to make seitan with vital wheat gluten and a few pantry staples! Plus: a recipe for homemade seitan with three flavor variations.
Ingredients
For the Dough
- 1 cup vital wheat gluten
- 1/4 cup chickpea flour
- 1 cup water
For the Broth - Pork Flavor
- 6 cups low sodium vegetable broth or water
- 1/3 cup soy sauce
- 2 tablespoons maple syrup
- 2 tablespoons apple cider vinegar
- 2 teaspoons liquid smoke
- 2 teaspoons smoked paprika
- 1 teaspoon onion powder
- 1 teaspoon garlic powder
For the Broth - Chicken Flavor
- 6 cups low sodium vegetable broth
- 1/3 cup soy sauce
- 1/4 cup nutritional yeast flakes
- 1 1/2 teaspoons white wine vinegar
- 1 1/2 teaspoons poultry seasoning
- 1 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/2 teaspoon liquid smoke
For the Broth - Beef Flavor
- 5 1/2 cups low sodium vegetable broth
- 1/2 cup dry red wine
- 1/3 cup soy sauce
- 2 tablespoons vegan Worcestershire sauce
- 1 teaspoon dried thyme
- 1/2 teaspoon onion powder
- 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder
- 1/2 teaspoon black pepper
Instructions
Stir the vital wheat gluten and chickpea flour together in a medium bowl.
Add the water and stir to form a soft dough.
Transfer the dough to a work surface and knead it for 5 minutes.
Allow the dough to rest for 5 minutes.
While the dough rests, stir all of the broth ingredients for your choice of broth together in a large pot.
Place the pot over high heat and bring the mixture to a boil. Lower the heat to a low simmer.
Cut the dough into at least 4 large pieces, or if you prefer, smaller strips or chunks.
Add the dough to the broth.
Allow the broth to simmer for 1 hour, uncovered, watching closely to ensure it stays at a low simmer (don't allow it to rapidly boil).
Remove the pot from heat and allow it to cool a bit.
When the seitan is cool enough to handle, you can cut it into smaller pieces if you like. Use it in a recipe immediately, or store it in the broth. Refrigerate for up to 5 days, or freeze.
Recipe Notes
The nutrition information is very approximate for this recipe, since there are three flavor variations and it's difficult to estimate just how much broth is absorbed during cooking.
Instead of making the dough with water, can I use the broth to give it a meaty taste all the way through?
You could! You might need to water it down a bit – I think it’ll be pretty intense if you use it at full strength.
I just found your site and this recipe; looks terrific! My questions are: instead of kneading by hand can I use a stand mixer with the dough hook? Will the result be the same? I’ve made seitan in the past and sometimes it comes out spongey, which I’m not sure I like; what is the “correct” texture for seitan?
Thanks for your help!
A dough hook should work as long as you stick within the kneading time frame of the recipe. If your seitan comes out spongy it’s probably from boiling it too rapidly. Keep it at a low simmer and it should be tender but not overly spongy. I hope that helps! Good luck!
Ian the broth cooking necessary to the recipe, or could you replace half of the water in the dough with broth and just eat it out of the oven?
You can make seitan in the oven, but I’m not sure if it would work with this particular recipe, or what adjustments you’d need to make for it to work. You can adapt this seitan sausage recipe if you’d like to experiment a bit: https://www.connoisseurusveg.com/seitan-and-lentil-sausage-patties/
What is considered a serving size?
A fourth of the batch, which is approximately 3 ounces.
I’m too pumped up about trying this out!!! Thank you for the clear and easy to follow instructions👏🏾
This is going to be so good!
Hello, I’m new to this and want to try your Teriyaki Seitan and Veggie Kebabs recipe; also the Vegan Mongolian Beef. If I make my own seitan using your homemade seitan recipe; do I still need to boil it in a flavored broth before using it in one of these recipes?
Thanks!
Hi Pat! Yup, you still need to boil the seitan in broth before incorporating it into a recipe. Enjoy!!
Hey.
It seems an awful shame to waste all of that broth after cooking.
Could it be frozen and reused, or reduced and frozen to form a stock?
Any ideas
Yup! Actually I think all of those options would work. If I’m using my seitan in a soup or stew I’ll also often use the broth to flavor that.
Thank you!
Reworking our diet due to hubby’a diabetes. Hve vital wheat gluten and found you looking for recipes. NOT vegetarian.But this looks interesting and something I might make…..
Do you happen to have a tempura batter for veggies. That is one thing I’m looking for.
I do! Here’s a link: https://www.connoisseurusveg.com/easy-tempura-vegetables/ I hope you enjoy both recipes!
Hey Alissa! I just wanted to leave a comment to let you know how great my Seitan came out. This was my first time making it and your recipe made it way less intimidating. I tried the “chicken” version and it had such a great flavor. The broth it was cooked in tasted so good that I actually made a gravy out of it and put it over mashed potatoes. Will definitely be using your recipe whenever I want more Seitan (probs tomorrow, who am I kidding lol). Thank you so much for this!
Awesome! I’m so glad you enjoyed it! Thanks Marissa!
How did you make your gravy?
Hey, Alissa! Do you think it’d be okay to use all-purpose flour rather than chickpea or soy? Thanks!
Hi Lisa! I think that would work!
How many ounces is a serving? It isn’t listed in your Nutritional Facts. I’m really looking forward to making this for my daughters who are vegan. It’s so expensive buying vegan meats in the store, so I have high hopes for this recipe! I’ll let you know how it goes.
It’s a quarter of the whole batch, which works out to approximately 1/2 cup or 3 1/2 ounces. I hope you and your daughters enjoy it!
Hey, Alissa! Thank you for the recipe! It sounds so delicious but I avoid gluten. Have you got gluten-free seitan recipes?
Unfortunately I don’t. Seitan is by definition wheat gluten, so there’s no getting around that. Have you tried soy curls? They’re gluten-free and have a very similar texture to seitan. They’re sold dehydrated, so you could use any of the broth mixtures from this recipe to rehydrate them for a similar flavor (although if you use the beef one I’d let it simmer a bit to cook off the alcohol in the wine). You should be able to use them as a substitute in lots of recipes that call for seitan. :)
Thank you! I haven’t tried soy curls but I will do it =)
What would one portion size of Seitan be? Trying to gather the portion of seitan that would give the 25.9 grams of proteing
Just saw it in a comment about! About 1/2 cup! Thanks!
No problem! Enjoy!
You can also “cut” vital wheat gluten with soya mince (tcp) – a quarter cup unto one-and-a-half cups of vital whelwheat gluten.
This changes the texture considerabky, and helps avoid the seitan becoming rubbery, espeially if, like me, your preferred cooking methos is the steamer.
TYPO alert – that should have read TVP
Interesting! I’ll have to give it a try! Thanks David!
Hi Alissa,
I was trying to conceive a sliced faux liver recipe, and your recipe inspired me. Instead of the pate or chopped version. I was wondering if I could utilize wheat gluten into it somehow, to get a silky but chewy texture. Perhaps add it with the mushroom-lentil mix, make it a soft dough, then press it in a tofu press? I really wanted to get your opinion on it before I start making a mess in the kitchen :)
I’ve never actually had liver, but based on your description I think you could achieve the result you’re going for by adding some powdered wheat gluten and seasonings to a mushroom and lentil mix and maybe blitzing it in the food processor. I think baking it using the method from this recipe might work: https://www.connoisseurusveg.com/seitan-and-lentil-sausage-patties/ It’ll definitely take some trial and error though! I’d love to hear how it turns out if you try it.
Thank you for taking the stress out of making seitan.
I’m going to make my own, like you I’m not fond of any
of the store meat substitutes. Your article has really put me at ease. Much appreciated.
Glad you found it helpful! I hope you enjoy your seitan!
Hi Alissa,
Today was my first time making seitan an I have to say it turned out great. I ended up doing buffalo “chicken” wings with it. When simmering the dough, I cut it in 6 equal pieces and I have to say that smaller would have been better. I couldn’t taste the broth all the way through the piece.
Overall great recipe!
Thanks!
I’m glad it worked out for you! And I love the idea of making this into buffalo wings – I might have to try that myself!
I am wanting to try the Mongolian beef dish but have no experience with wine. How do I shop for dry wine?
Look for something like cabernet, chianti or malbec – those are all dry varieties. If you’re still uncertain, just ask an employee at the liquor store for guidance – there’s usually someone working there who is knowledgeable when it comes to cooking wines. Good luck!
Hi I was looking at the nutritional information you posted and I was wondering if there is any way to reduce the amount of sodium this recipe contains?
Most of the sodium comes from the soy sauce and vegetable broth. You could try using low sodium varieties of each, or you could reduce the amount of soy sauce and sub water for a portion of the broth. Enjoy!!
I have a 17 mo old than I’m raising vegan and I would love to try this recipe in my house hold BUT are there ANY substitute for all of the sodium content in this recipe that is equally as tasty? The sodium content is extremely high and I definitely don’t want to my toddler to eat that much sodium
Most of the sodium comes from the soy sauce and broth. Try cutting back or using low sodium varieties. Enjoy!
can you freeze and reuse the broth for later?
Absolutely!
So once its finished in the broth how do I go about cooking it later? Would you fry it or heat it up another way? Thanks!
You can fry it up, add it to stews or incorporate it into any recipe that calls for seitan! I’ve linked a few recipes at the bottom of the post, just above the recipe for seitan.
To freeze the seitan, do you freeze it in the broth or by itself? Thank you x
I find freezing it in the broth works best!
I tried this recipe the other night to use in your philly cheesesteak recipe (we LOVED the nacho cheese sauce btw!!) but unfortunately the seitan ended up still doughy after simmering. Do you think this was because my heat wasn’t high enough? I had it basically on the lowest setting… Not sure if I should try adapting for baking in the oven now.
Hmmm…it shouldn’t be doughy after simmering for that long, as long as the water was actually bubbling the whole time. My best guess is an error in measurement. If you’re trying to salvage the mixture, baking it in the oven might help. I’m glad you love the cheese sauce though!
I know this is late, but perhaps Brenda had her seitan pieces too large, or a combination of the two…
I hadn’t thought of that, but it does sound like a possibility!
Hey is there a way I could make this into seitan beetroot burger? :) Thanks!
Perhaps! I’m thinking you could shred or mince the seitan and use it to replace half the beets in a recipe like this one: https://www.connoisseurusveg.com/beet-burgers/
I made the pork flavored one and it literally tastes like the hickory smoked Tofurky slices. Similar texture too! It’s delicious and amazing and super simple to make. Thank you!
Yay! I’m so glad you like it! Thanks Tamara!
I am interested to make this recipe and i am not sure if I missed it from the posting but is there a way to make this as vegetable broth flavor? If you could provide me with some ingredients for vegetable flavor seitan, I will be so grateful! Thanks:)
You could certainly use your favorite vegetable broth! I don’t have an exact recipe, but my advice would be to either use a double-strength batch of a broth you mix up, such as bullion or a paste like Better than Bullion. Or if you want to use a broth that’s already made, you could simmer it and reduce it by about half. This will intensify the flavor of your broth so that your seitan doesn’t end up bland. I hope that helps!
I loved the flavor, i tried the chicken. Mine was very dense, not chewy though. I noticed the picture of your seitan had like little air bubbles and looked “fluffier” than mine did. Any ideas? I kneaded for 5 and it rested from 5-10 minutes. I will make it again for sure! I just wanted to know if your texture has any impact on the final result.
I’m glad you liked the flavor! That’s interesting that it came out really dense … is it possible you didn’t include enough water in the dough? My only other guess would be keeping the simmering water at too low a temperature. You want it to cook at a very low simmer, but it should actually be simmering. Otherwise I’m not sure what could’ve happened. How it will work in a recipe really depends on your preference – it won’t soften up very much when you cook with it, so taste-test a piece and decide how you’d feel about that texture in a particular recipe. If the firmness bothers you I’d recommend using it in something where it’s in very small pieces – you could mince it up and make a bolognese sauce, for example, or shred it and use in in sandwiches like these: https://www.connoisseurusveg.com/vegan-barbecue-beef-sandwiches/ I hope that helps!
This recipe worked out brilliant! Tender and delicious. Can’t wait to incorporate it into a recipe. Thank you!
Awesome!! Glad you like it! Enjoy!
I’ve been making seitan for a while now but have usually used the recipe on the bag of the gluten I buy from Bob’s Red Mill. I just recently started looking at other ways to make it. Most recipes put the “flavors” in the broth. The Red Mill recipe puts spices in the dough and keeps the broth simple. Is one way better than the other? Is the texture different? Or it doesn’t matter? I’m looking forward to trying the chicken flavored recipe here. Looks great.
It shouldn’t affect the texture and you can definitely get a good batch of seitan either way. I prefer to season the broth because then you can taste it and have a good idea of what your seitan will taste like!
This is the best Seitan recipe. I have thrown all my others away. It is simple and so easy to make up multiple batches. I now make a week’s worth on the weekend so I’m ready. And it freezes well too!.
I used the beef to make a chicken Fried Steak and it was so perfect. I just shaped it into steaks before putting into the broth.
Again, Thanks for the great recipe!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Wonderful!! I’m so glad you like it! The chicken fried steak sounds wonderful – that’s a dish I’ve been wanting to veganize for a while. Thanks Doug!
will the setaan be soft enough for my toothless grandmother?
I’m not sure, but I’m thinking it would be okay if it were chopped up finely.
I’ve been using this recipe for a few months now and each time it turns out perfectly. I’ve made your Mongolian beef recipe with it and it was so delicious my partner keeps asking when are we having it again! I’ve also made the chicken version and going to try the pork version this weekend to make some char sui. Thank you for a brilliant recipe. It is my seitan go to.
Thanks for the recipe and interesting information. I’ll enjoy trying to make some.
One thing I’m particularly keen on in my cooking and food preparation is avoiding any added salt. I bake ordinary bread with no added salt and it turns out fine. You say this recipe requires plenty of salt since meat is very salty. I would query that meat is high in salt. Raw meat comes out very low in sodium according to USDA. The salt is added during the cooking and preparation straight from the salt pot or via salty cooking sauces including soy and miso. Sauteed onion, garlic, ginger, lemon juice and savory spices are ways of introducing flavor without adding salt.Sorry for being a boring salt antagonist! It wouldn’t concern most people.
No problem at all! I appreciate your input! I learned recently that meat has salt added during processing. In developing the recipe I was going for flavors that most people are familiar with, and most people are used to eating meat that’s had salt added. You can certainly reduce the sodium content by using less or a low sodium variety of soy sauce. I hope you enjoy the recipe and if you try a low sodium variation I’d love to hear how you like it!
This was my first time making seitan. It ended up being a bit tough, but I really liked it! I made it into your vegan Mongolian beef. Do you have any recipes that the leftover broth could be used for? And could you reuse the broth for another batch of seitan?
I’m glad you enjoyed it! I don’t have any recipe that specifically call for the broth, but I’ve used it in soups and stews myself. This would be a good one to try, since it uses seitan as well: https://www.connoisseurusveg.com/seitan-vegetable-barley-soup/ Just be careful because the seitan broth is a bit stronger in flavor and saltier than regular broth – you may need to mix it with some water. I’m sure you could use it in another batch of seitan as well!
Honestly I just made this and it was so so so good! So nice to have a vegetarian protein with some real flavour. It was delicious and the beef version made for a fantastic stroganoff!
I bet this was wonderful in stroganoff! I’m so glad you enjoyed it! Thanks Lizzie!
Hey Alissa!
I’ve tried many online recipes for seitan and almost all have failed completely. One of them works, but it wasn’t very good. I’ve been using that recipe for quite a while now mainly because I thought that it was I who was messing it up- but after reading about your detailed how-to-make-seitan I realized the cooking method for that one website is bogus! My husband and I went to a nice vegan restaurant and had these incredible buffalo wings and since then, I’ve been trying to re-create them. Your recipe and instructions look very promising! I’m so excited I stumbled across this page today- I will definitely be making them tonight!
I hope this one is a winner for you! Good luck!
Hi there! This will be my first time making seitan ever as I’m new to a plant based lifestyle. My question though is do these need to be completely submerged when simmering? I’m worried about them floating to the surface, and in your picture it looks like they do, so am I safe to assume that floating seitan is ok? Lol
Floating is totally fine! Just make sure to gently stir the pot every now and then, and try to rotate them so that the part that’s on top gets moved to the bottom and into the broth. Good luck and enjoy!
Hey again! I also forgot to ask in my previous comment if the color of the seitan is suppose to change on the inside too to match the color of the broth too, sorry I’m just making sure I’m gonna do it right lol thanks in advance for all your help!
The inner color usually won’t perfectly match the outer color, especially if you’re making very large pieces of seitan.
I made the recipe but used flour bit used everything else
Per recipe is that why mine came out different?
What kind of flour did you use and how did you use it? If you used it to replace the gluten that would certainly change things.
Alissa, I LOVE your recipes! My Thanksgiving this year was almost exclusively YOUR recipes and I’m proud to say they were very well received! This New Years Eve, my girlfriend (omnivore) wants to learn to make seitan, so we will be making that with my homemade buns and assembling sandwiches with your maple Dijon cheeseball as an appetizer. Thank you so much for all your great ideas!❤️
That sounds like a wonderful meal! I’m so glad you’re enjoying the recipes and I hope you liked this one. Thanks so much Angie, and Happy New Year!!
Hi Alissa
A lot of recipes I have been reading you mix all the ingredients in the dough. How can we do this with your recipes?
Also, how can I cook it on the stove top :-)
Just follow the instructions – they’re for cooking it on the stove top! :)
It might take a little bit of trial and error to get the amounts right, but I’d try cutting down on the amounts of dry ingredients (maybe start with half). You’re probably best keeping the liquid ingredients as part of the broth – it just makes it easier to control the intensity of flavor and amount of saltiness.
I don’t have vegan worcester sauce, but I do have the real thing (I’m not vegan); should I use less? Thank you!
Nope! The amount should be the same. Enjoy!
I made the Seitan today for the first time…. and we loved it…especially the firmness of the seitan.
Alissa, thank you for the recipe!!….. and of course I have a question: Do you see a problem in putting some spices already into the dry mix of the dough? like the smoked paprika?
Yay! I’m so glad you enjoyed it! You can absolutely add some dried spices and I think smoked paprika would be a delicious addition! I’m not sure exactly how much to use, but I’d start with a very small amount and work upwards from there. :)
This did NOT work for me! After simmering for an hour, they still seemed rather doughy, so I thought, no problem, I’ll just bake them! Maybe I did it for too long because they are so hard!! But, the flavor is good so I’m definitely going to try this again :)
Sorry to hear that! I’m not sure what went wrong.
so happy I found this recipe. Thanks!