Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the pasta and cook it according to the package directions, just until al dente. Reserve about ½ cup of the pasta cooking water, then drain the rest into a colander.
While the pasta cooks, coat the bottom of a large skillet or shallow pot with the olive oil and place it over medium heat. Once the oil starts to shimmer, add the shallot. Cook the shallot for about 4 minutes, stirring frequently, until it becomes soft and translucent.
Stir in the garlic, red pepper flakes, and fennel. Cook the mixture for another minute, stirring constantly, until the garlic becomes very fragrant.
Add the wine and bring it to a gentle simmer. Let it continue to simmer for about 3 minutes, until the volume has reduced by about half.
Add the cooked pasta (Note 3) and olives to the skillet. Add a few splashes of your pasta cooking water and cook the mixture for 1 to 2 minutes, just until the olives are heated through. Add more of the pasta cooking water if it becomes too dry.
Remove the skillet from heat, then stir in the lemon juice, lemon zest, basil, parsley, and black pepper. Season the mixture with salt to taste, keeping in mind that it may already be salty from the olives.
Divide onto plates and serve.