Coat the bottom of a medium oven-safe skillet (about 10-inches) with the oil and place it over medium heat (Note 1). Give the oil a minute to heat up, then add the onion and pepper. Cook the mixture for about 5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables start to soften.
Stir in the tomato paste and cook for about 2 minutes, stirring constantly, until it darkens slightly.
Add the garlic, cumin, and oregano. Cook for about 1 minute, stirring constantly, until very fragrant.
Stir in the beans, green chiles, and broth. Bring to a simmer and cook for about 10 minutes, until the mixture thickens slightly.
While the beans simmer, stir the topping ingredients together in a small bowl.
Preheat your broiler.
Use a fork or potato masher to mash a few of the beans — just enough to thicken the liquid slightly.
Stir in the kale and cook just until wilted, about 1 minute.
Remove the skillet from heat, then stir in the lime juice and season the mixture with salt and pepper to taste. Sprinkle the panko mixture evenly over the bean mixture.
Place the skillet under the broiler (about 6 inches from the heat) and broil the bean skillet just until the topping becomes golden and crispy, about 1 to 3 minutes. Keep a close eye on it, as the topping can burn quickly under the broiler.
Sprinkle with fresh cilantro, then serve immediately and enjoy.